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Annals of Family Medicine 6:448-458 (2008)
© 2008 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.
doi: 10.1370/afm.864
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The 3 H and BMSEST Models for Spirituality in Multicultural Whole-Person Medicine

Gowri Anandarajah, MD

Department of Family Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1. BMSEST model at the individual level: the whole person plus external factors.

BMSEST = body, mind, spirit, environment, social, and transcendent.

Note: Body = cells, organs, biochemistry, genetics, physiology, possibly energy systems, etc.; mind = thoughts, emotions, cognitive function, etc.; spirit = see Table 1Go; environment = physical environment, occupational exposure, health care system, etc.; social = family, culture, religious organization, education, economic factors, etc.

Arrow a = interactions between body and mind.

Arrow b = interactions between mind and spirit.

Arrow c = interactions between body and spirit.

Arrow d = interactions between environmental factors and the individual.

Arrow e = interactions between social factors and the individual.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2. Secular version of the BMSEST model for whole-person care: the physician-patient relationship.

BMSEST = body, mind, spirit, environment, social, and transcendent; PT=physical therapy.

Arrow a = interactions between body and mind.

Arrow b = interactions between mind and spirit.

Arrow c = interactions between body and spirit.

Arrow d = interactions between environmental factors and the individual.

Arrow e = interactions between social factors and the individual.

Arrow f = therapeutic approaches at the body level.

Arrow g = therapeutic approaches at the mind level.

Arrow h = therapeutic approaches at the spirit level (specialized spiritual care).

Arrow i = therapeutic effects at the spirit level (general spiritual care).

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3. Duality version of the BMSEST model for whole-person care.

BMSEST = body, mind, spirit, environment, social, and transcendent; PT=physical therapy.

Arrow a = interactions between body and mind.

Arrow b = interactions between mind and spirit.

Arrow c = interactions between body and spirit.

Arrow d = interactions between environmental factors and the individual.

Arrow e = interactions between social factors and the individual.

Arrow f = therapeutic approaches at the body level.

Arrow g = therapeutic approaches at the mind level.

Arrow h = therapeutic approaches at the spirit level (specialized spiritual care).

Arrow i = therapeutic effects at the spirit level (general spiritual care).

Arrow j = interactions between the individual and the Transcendent.

 

Figure 4
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  		Figure 4. Unity version of the BMSEST model for whole-person care.

BMSEST = body, mind, spirit, environment, social, and transcendent; PT=physical therapy.

Arrow a = interactions between body and mind.

Arrow b = interactions between mind and spirit.

Arrow c = interactions between body and spirit.

Arrow d = interactions between environmental factors and the individual.

Arrow e = interactions between social factors and the individual.

Arrow f = therapeutic approaches at the body level.

Arrow g = therapeutic approaches at the mind level.

Arrow h = therapeutic approaches at the spirit level (specialized spiritual care).

Arrow i = therapeutic effects at the spirit level (general spiritual care).

Arrow j = interactions between the individual and the Transcendent.

 




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